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Articles and Publication    Physics    Quantum physics PRINCIPLES OF CHRONOQUANTUM MECHANICS

PRINCIPLES OF CHRONOQUANTUM MECHANICS

© Oleg Orestovich Feygin

NARPA ISTR UASNP

Kharkov, Ukraine

Contact to the author: fond@online.kharkiv.com

www.geocites.com/fond_nauka

Discretely - temporally analysis of canonical quantum-theoretical relations shows that its substantive provisions can be interpreted on a conceptual basis of a chronoquantum mechanics [2, 3]. Dynamics of chronoquantums assumes the approach to reviewing physical appearances within the limits of some characteristic time scale. For quantum mechanical processes by boundary magnitudes Planck parameters among which the interval of time matters 10 ^ (-43) sec serve. The following point of a temporal dial, obviously, it is necessary to count time of life of the easiest virtual particles - 10 ^ (-20) sec. The given temporal distance defines a kinetics of localization of microplants on chosen of temporally envelopes of an existential continuum /TEEC/ [7 - 9]. One of principal corollaries of TEEC-model is presence of fundamental intervals of timelike's processes - "chronoquantums". Their existence can be connected, as with cosmological aspects of development of the Universe under the script of "Big Bang" [1, 4], and with a problematic of virtual particles in perfect vacuum.

In the present work the previous outcomes of chronoquantum modelling of processes temporally localizations of microobjects in boundaries chosen TEEC develop. New representations for chronoquantum operators - Lagrangians are introduced and considered discretely - temporally formalisms for quantum mechanical Schrödinger equations. Then properties of wave functions, as solutions of chronophysical analogs of Schrödinger equations are considered. Based on the obtained outcomes comparisons and conclusions about applicability of a principle of superposition of chronoquantum conditions are done.

 

The quantum mechanical exposition of behaviour of microparticles is based on several fundamental conclusions among which the major are principles of a wave - corpuscle duality and uncertainty principle:

Δp Δx ~ ΔE Δt ~ h(e) h(t); (1)

where p - impulse; x - coordinate; E - an energy; t - time; h(e) - energyquantum; h(t) - chronoquantum. According to (1) velocity, as well as impulse of a particle cannot have a defined value simultaneously with its coordinates. However, in a chronoquantum mechanics the velocity increased on a chronoquantum element of time gives transition of microobjects, as magnitude obviously smaller the Planck length compared to a fundamental metric size of a space cell [5]. Therefore lack at a particle of a velocity simultaneously with coordinates means, that if the position of a particle is localized in the present instant through chronoquantum of its coordinate will already not have any defined value. In a frame of reference of the given localization there is only some probability of a determination of a particle in this or that point of space, hence, the concept of a trajectory loses the sense. Purely on other the situation will look on the part of the foreign "timeless" observer, for him passage of microobjects to new parameters will mean its localization in next TEEC. The quantum mechanical wave psi-function, which quadrate of the module gives a probability distribution of a determination of microparticles in space, too reinterprets in chronophysics, as assigning probability of localization of microobjects on chosen TEEC. Accordingly, amplitudes of TEEC probability - in an operational aspect [6] will look like localizations

{T(b)} = <T(b)|T(a, b)|T(a)> = S <T(b)|T(i)> <T(i)|T(a, b)|T(j)> <T(j)|T(a)>; <T(b)|T(a)> = S <T(b)|T(b-a)> <T(b-a)|T(a)>; (2)

where T(a), T(a. b), T(b), T(i), T(j) - the TEEC of final, transitional and intermediate conditions, accordingly; i = a, b-a, b, …, (b > a) - sequence of TEEC.

Amplitudes of probability of TEEC processes of localizations (2) in a complex conjugate to amplitudes of inverse passages and from the point of view of the nonrelativistic quantum mechanical analysis represent outcome of an approximation for infinitesimal intervals of time. From relations (2) follows, those probability processes of localization on intermediate TEEC are described by the following equalities:

<T(b)|T(a)> = S <T(b)|T(i)> <T(i)|T(a)>; <T(j)|T(i)> = d(j,i); <T(b)|T(j)> = S <T(b)|T(i)> <T(i)|T(j)>; (3)

where E, t - an energy and time of existential localization; d(j, i) - a Kronecker's delta.

In the classical quantum theory, the wave psi-function defines a condition of a system on all a time interval of its existence. From here it is usually concluded, that the derivative on time from a wave psi-function should be determined by a value of function:

dψ /dt = <L>ψ = (2π i / h) dS /dt = (2π i / h) <H>ψ; (4)

where <L>, <H> and S - quantum mechanical analogs of operators of Lagrange, Hamilton and a mechanical operation. The differential relation (4) is the basic equation of a quantum mechanics. At full identification of an aspect of a quantum mechanical Hamiltonian it is considered, that the equation (4) defines wave psi-functions of the given physical microsystem. Discretely - temporally aspects of a quantum mechanical Lagrangians can be installed at passage to quasi-classical approximation of some wave function

ψ = const exp[ i S / h(e) h(t)]; <L(d)>ψ = Δψ / h(t) = [2π i / h(t) h(e)] ΔS / h(t) = [2π i / h(t) h(e)] <H(d)>ψ. (5)

The obtained outcome is similar to a common quantum mechanical principle of operational representation of physical magnitudes. It can be interpreted as comparison to any microobjects of a chronodynamic operator, a defining condition of its localization on chosen TEEC. Relations (5) contain discretely - temporally a pre-image of the basic analytical forms of a quantum mechanics - Schrödinger equations in various representations.

One of research's directions is the chronophysics of perfect vacuum completed by subelementary virtual particles. Aspects of detailed elaboration of solutions in the given problematic are connected to an extension of a definition of a chronoquantum Hamiltonian of free particles as

<H(d)> = const [h(t) h(e)]^2 <L(d)>. (6)

It is obvious, that common chronowave equation of an aspect (5) with Lagrangians (6) similarly classical image of a Schrödinger equations for a free particle with the solutions connecting wave - corpuscle performances through chronoquantum parameters. In classical representations of a quantum mechanics, wave function should be univalent, continuous, and final in all metric space. The Schrödinger equations for a free particle have the corresponding final solutions including a continuous spectrum of energies. The connected particles satisfy to conditions of final solutions at a discrete power spectrum. At multiparticle ensemble of the interconnected microparticles, a full gang of coordinates in multivariate configuration space determines wave function. Passing to a chronoquantum mechanics, it is possible to notice, that the continuous spectrum of microparticles corresponds them localization in boundaries defined TEEC at determination of their world lines. It follows, as from common principles of chronodynamic digitization of space of physical events, and from interpretation of their quantum mechanical analogs:

|T(b)> = S |T(i)> C(i); C(i) = <T(i)|T(b)>; |T(a)> = S |T(i)>D(i); D(i) = <T(i)|T(a)>; <T(b)|T(A)T(B)|T(a)> = S <T(b)|T(i)> <T(i)|T(A)|T(j)> <T(j)|T(B)|T(z)> <T(z)|T(a)>; (7)

here C(i), D(i) - populations of base quantum mechanical realizations in chronoquantum representation for localizations on next TEEC; Ò(À) and Ò(Â) - the chosen frame of references. The equations (7) illustrate the principle of a chronodynamic relativism consisting in various levels of identification of microsystem depending on an aspect of a frame of reference. Formulas (2), (3) and (7) it is possible to interpret in language of psi-functions through concept of amplitude of probability of localization of some TEEC. Localization in next TEEC will be described by a linear combination, defining realization of the following linear combination of psi-functions:

ψ = const(1) ψ(1) + const(2) ψ(2). (8)

The formula (8) defines a principle of superposition of chronoquantum conditions. As modelling representation it can correspond to property of chronowave functions "to sew together" next TEEC in uniform chronodynamic structure. Nevertheless, it is possible to assume existence of group discretely - temporally models where the given property is not strictly obligatory. From a relation (8) follows, that

|ψ|^2 = |const(1)|^2 |ψ(1)|^2 + |const(2)|^2 |ψ(2)|^2 + {const(1)* const(2) ψ(1)* ψ(2)* + const(1) const(2)* ψ(1) ψ(2)*}. (9)

The given amplitude can vary depending on a position of object on a straight line of substantial time. Thus, the amplitude of each full localization will be proportional to amplitudes of localizations on the next envelopes, increased on a series of weight factors:

T(b) = S <T(i)|U(b – a)|T(j)> T(a) = S {d(i, j) – const H[T(a)] (b – a)} T(a); (10)

In the most common sense of the equation (10) define chronodynamic of quantum-temporal mechanics. Proceeding from the interpretations earlier obtained discretely - temporally [2, 3] the basic equations of a quantum mechanics for a trance-temporally a matrix it is possible to enter correctly enough concepts about an one-dimensional linearization of strictly sequential developing TEEC:

<T(b)|T(b-a)|T(a)> = <T(n+1)|T(n)|T(n-1)> => |T(b-a)> = S |T(n)> <T(n)|T(b-a)> = S |T(n)> C(n). (11)

It is known, that properties of the wave functions satisfying solutions of a Schrödinger equations, have common character, including uniqueness, a continuity and a finiteness. For chronoquantum physics, it means an identification of a frame of reference with some chosen of TEEC. Then the Schrödinger equations for a free particle will have a solution at any positive and zero value of an energy, making a continuous power spectrum. In case of the connected particle, the quantum theory predicts presence of a discrete spectrum, at wave function of points of multivariate configuration space. Here the direct analogy between localization's processes on strict sequence of TEEC is observed. Conceptually - logic connections between next TEEC are based on analog of a principle of superposition of psi-functions, the following from (8) and (9). Owing to an operation of the given principle, a Hamiltonian of a linear wave equation of the closed system is inversion of a frame. The operational invariance of a reflection in quantum physics reduces in a conservation law of parity of a quantum condition. The conservation law of parity determines inversion of psi-functions; transduce them on even and odd. A conservation law of parity it is partial regulates probability of a generation - dissipation of the closed systems with preservation of a moment. Together with a indistinguishability principle for microparticles quantum conservation laws govern appearances the trance - localization appearing for the detached onlooker as temporal change of real events. The dislocation of adequate microobjects in boundaries of an arbitrary dual system will reduce to

ψ[j (1), j (2)] = exp(i a) ψ[j (2), j (1)] = exp(2 i a) ψ[j (1), j (2)] = ± ψ[j (2), j (1)], (12)

where j (1), j (2) - populations of coordinates and spins of microparticles. The relation (12) shows, which the system of two identical particles can be, described anti - and symmetric transformation by psi-functions. In quantum terms, the symmetry of psi-functions is defined to a floor - or the whole spin of particles. To the particles possessing a half-integer spin, antisymmetric psi-functions are compared, and with particles to the whole spin - symmetric. Accordingly, wave function of a dual system (12) signs the following aspect

ψ[j (1), j (2)] ~ ψ{n[j (1)]} ψ{k[j (2)]} ± ψ{n[j (2)]} ψ{n[j (1)]}. (13)

The considered group of chrono-quantum principles of temporally digitization of a continuum naturally should be spread and to physical vacuum, for example in representation of Dirac. Under the theory of Dirac of property of physical space were determined by vacuum as a world material phone. In a modern quantum mechanics, all elementary particles are considered as quantums of corresponding field structures, which for a physical system of vacuum is interpreted, as a population of fields without real particles. It is known, that under laws of a quantum mechanics for any field oscillations are characteristic. In case of perfect vacuum, it will be "zero oscillations" accompanying with a birth and vanishing of virtual particles, corresponding to the nature of each concrete field. Realization of a universal conservation law of an energy demands for the given virtual particles of observance of fundamental property of a basic not - observability for the account of specifically short time of life. According to principles of chronoquantum physics, it can mean presence a trance-virtual localization on the temporal distance dividing next TEEC. Macroscopic display of virtual properties of perfect vacuum probably only in the image in effects of Lamb - Rutherford shift of atom's lines levels, attractions of plates in deep vacuum, the anomalous magnetic moment of electrons and interactions of photons.

The obtained outcomes (3 - 5) for a chrono-dynamic linearization of localization of microplants in view of influence of virtual particles of physical vacuum will gain a final aspect:

<T(b)|X|T(b-a)|Y|T(a)> = <T(n+1)|T(n+1/2)|T(n)|T(n-1/2)|T(n-1)>; (14)

where X and Y - a trance-temporally factors of virtual localization; T(n+1/2) and T(n-1/2) - corresponding virtual TEEC. Thus, virtual properties of physical vacuum it is possible to describe in terms of chronodynamic localization, switching it in the common circuit of temporal digitization.

The physics of virtual particles supposes their origin not only in vacuum. It is considered, that they constantly arise and disappear near to elementary particles and at their interaction. Thus, virtual elementary electrocharges act virtual positrons and ýëåêòðîíû, polarizing enclosing vacuum. Because of polarization of vacuum around of the charged particles there is the multilayer pulsing charged envelope connected to them reducing their effective charges that are exhibited in macroscopic effects of interpartial interaction. It is possible to count other important corollaries of appearances of quantum chrono-digitization tunneling and superconductivity. All this confirms necessity of introduction virtual the TEEC, for their participation in interpretation of chrono-physical digitization.

REFERENCES

1. Feygin O.O. Discrete - temporal model of Universe // SciTecLibrary. com. 2003. - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/eng/catalog/pages/5159.html

2. Feygin O.O. Discrete principles of quantum chronodynamic // Ibid. - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/eng/catalog/pages/5200.html

3. Feygin O.O. Quantum-theoretical chrono-discretization // Ibid. - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/eng/catalog/pages/5201.html

4. Feygin O.O. Cosmological principles of quantum chronophysics // Ibid. - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/eng/catalog/pages/5296.html

5. Feygin O.O. Chronodynamic reinterpretation of Planck’s lengths // Ibid. - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/eng/catalog/pages/5348.html

6. Feygin O.O. Temporal quantum functionals // Ibid. - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/eng/catalog/pages/5658.html

7. Feygin O.O. Concepts of quantums chronophysics // Ibid. - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/eng/catalog/pages/5813.html

8. Feygin O.O. Mechanics of chrono-quantums // Ibid. - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/eng/catalog/pages/5978.html

9. Feygin O.O. Quantum temporallogy // Ibid. - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/eng/catalog/pages/6375.html

Publishing date: February 17, 2004
Source: SciTecLibrary.ru

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